Chronology of Ancient Egypt
The following chronological table is based on I. Shaw (ed.), The
Oxford History of Ancient Egypt, Oxford 2000, with minor
revisions. Direct dates in years BC, especially for the time
before the New Kingdom , should be taken as approximate.
Number, names, and length of reigns of many rulers (especially
those of the so-called intermediate periods) are sometimes
disputable. Many names of pharaohs are commonly known in
their Greek versions (e.g. Khufu = Gr. Cheops; Khafra = Gr.
Chephren; Menkaura = Gr. Mycerinus; Senusret = Gr. Sesostris;
Amenhotep = Gr. Amenophis). Present-day transcriptions of
Egyptian names exist in several, better or worse, variants
(e. g. Thutmose = Thotmes = Tuthmosis = Thutmosis = Djehutymes;
Unas = Unis = Wenis, Senusret = Senwosret, etc.). Choosing
of one of them depends on the accepted convention. The list
below contains the most important names of the pharaohs.
The question mark signalizes doubts concerning the existence,
or the pronounciation of a ruler's name. Names of women ruling
as pharaohs are given in italics, names of rulers, whose
objects are represented in the exhibition, are underlined.
PREDYNASTIC PERIOD
|
c. 5300-3000 BC |
| Lower Egyptian Neolithic |
5300-4000 |
| Maadi Cultural Complex |
4000-3200 |
| Badarian Period |
4400-4000 |
| Naqada I |
4000-3500 |
| Naqada II |
3500-3200 |
|
Naqada III/Dyn. 0
i . a.: Scorpion I, Iri-Hor,
Ka (Sekhen), Scorpion II, Narmer
|
3200-3000 |
| EARLY DYNASTIC PERIOD |
3000-2686 |
| 1 st Dyn. Aha, Djer, Djet, Merneith, Den, Anedjib,
Semerkhet, Qa'a |
3000-2890 |
|
2 nd Dyn. Hetepsekhemwy, Raneb, Nynetjer, Uneg, Sened,
Sekhemib, Peribsen, Khasekhem, (=?) Khasekhemwy
|
2890-2686 |
| OLD KINGDOM |
2686-2160 |
|
3 rd Dyn. Netjerikhet (Djeser), Sekhemkhet, Sanakht
(Nebka), Khaba, Huni
|
2686-2613 |
|
4 th Dyn. Sneferu, Khufu, Djedefra, Khafra , Baufra?
(Baka?), Menkaura, Shepseskaf
|
2613-2494 |
|
5 th Dyn. Userkaf, Sahura, Neferirkara, Shepseskara,
Raneferef, Nyuserra , Menkauhor, Djedkara Isesi, Unis
|
2494-2345 |
|
6 th Dyn. Teti, Userkara?, Pepi I, Merenra Nemtyemsaf,
Pepi II, Merenra II?, Nitokris?
|
2345-2181 |
|
7-8 th Dyn. m.in. Neferkara, Uadjkara Pepiseneb, Neferkamin
Inu, Kakara Ibi, Neferkauhor
|
2181-2160 |
| FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD |
2160-2055 |
|
9-10 th Dyn. i.a.: Khety I, Neferkare Nebkaure, Khety
II, Meryhathor, Khety III, Merykara, Khety IV
|
2160-2055 |
| 11 th Dyn. /Thebes only/ Mentuhotep I, Intef I, Intef
II, Intef III |
2125-2055 |
| MIDDLE KINGDOM |
2055-1650 |
| 11 th Dyn. /all Egypt/ Mentuhotep II, Mentuhotep III,
Mentuhotep IV |
2055-1985 |
|
12 th Dyn. Amenemhat I, Senusret I, Amenemhat II,
Senusret II, Senusret III, Amenemhat III, Amenemhat IV, Sobekneferu
|
1985-1773 |
|
13 th Dyn. i.a.: Wegaf, Khendjer, Awibra Hor, Merneferra
Ay, several rulers named Amenemhat, Sobekhotep
|
1773-1650 |
| 14 th Dyn. Many rulers residing in Xois in the Delta |
1773-1650 |
| SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD |
1650-1550 |
|
15 th Dyn. (Hyksos) i.a. Sheshi, Sekerher, Yacobher,
Khyan, Aauserra Apopi I, Khamudi
|
1650-1550 |
| 16 th Dyn. (Small Hyksos) |
1650-c.1580 |
|
17 th Dyn. i.a.: Rahotep, Sobekemsaf I, Intef VI,
Intef VII, Intef VIII, Sobekemsaf II, Sekenenra Taa, Kamose
|
c.1580-1550 |
| NEW KINGDOM |
1550-1069 |
|
18 th Dyn. Ahmose, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose
II, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose
IV, Amenhotep III, Amenhotep IV - Akhenaten, Smenkhkara, Tutankhamun,
Ay, Horemheb
|
1550-1295 |
|
19 th Dyn. Ramesses I, Sety I, Ramesses II,
Merenptah, Amenmessu, Sety II, Saptah, Tauseret
|
1295-1186 |
|
20 th Dyn. Setnakht, Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses
V, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VII, Ramesses VIII, Ramesses IX, Ramesses
X, Ramesses XI
|
1186-1069 |
| THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD |
1069-664 |
|
21 st Dyn. Smendes, Neferkara Amenemes, Psusennes
I, Amenemope, Siamun, Psusennes II
|
1069-945 |
|
22 nd Dyn. (Libyan) Sheshonq I, Osorkon I, Takelot
I, Osorkon II, Sheshonq II, Takelot II, Sheshonq III, Pamay,
Sheshonq V, Osorkon IV
|
945-715 |
|
23 rd Dyn. (Libyan) Pedubastis, Iuput I, Sheshonq IV,
Osorkon III, Takelot III, Rudamon?, Peftjauawybast, Iuput II
|
818-715 |
| 24 th Dyn. Tefnakht, Bakenrenef |
727-715 |
| 25 th Dyn. (Nubian) Piankhi (Piy), Shabaqo, Shabitqo,
Taharqa, Tanutamani |
747-656 |
| LATE PERIOD |
664-332 |
| 26 th Dyn. Psammetik I, Necho, Psammetik II,
Apries, Amasis, Psammetik III |
664-525 |
|
27 th Dyn. (1 st Persian Period) Cambyses, Darius I,
Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I, Darius II, Artaxerxes II
|
525-404 |
| 28 th Dyn. Amyrtaios |
404-399 |
| 29 th Dyn. Nepherites I, Achoris, Psamuthis, Nepherites
II |
399-380 |
| 30 th Dyn. Nectanebo I, Teos, Nectanebo II |
380-343 |
|
31 st Dyn. (2 nd Persian rule) Artaxerxes III Ochus,
Arses, Darius III Codoman
|
343-332 |
| GREEK PERIOD |
332-30 |
| Macedonian Dynasty |
332-305 |
| Ptolemaic Dynasty |
305-30 |
| ROMAN PERIOD |
30 BC - 395 AD |
| BYZANTINE (COPTIC) PERIOD |
395-641 AD |
In 641 AD Egypt was conquered by the Arabs led by Amr.
|
